As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.

Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.

The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.

Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.

Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.

“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.

1.1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?

A Pocket parks are now popular.

B Wild nature is hard to find in cities.

C Many cities are overpopulated.

D People enjoy living close to nature.

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者描述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。

2.2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?

A To compare different types of park-goers.

B To explain why the park attracts tourists.

C To analyze the main features of the park.

D To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.

解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段的“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类别。故选D。

3.3. What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?

A Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.

B Young people are too busy to interact with nature.

C The same nature experience takes different forms.

D The nature language enhances work performance.

解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段的“For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.”例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。再根据“Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.”在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更家庭的互动方式。由此可知，同样是散步，在周末和在工作日，可以采取不同的方式。故选C。

4.4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?

A Language study.

B Environmental conservation.

C Public education.

D Intercultural communication.

解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,’ said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为，在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。