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Plastic is durable and usually light, making it the perfect material for getting caught in the wind and swept along with an ocean current, travelling long distances. Each year, approximately 11 million tonnes of plastic enter our oceans. That’s the equivalent of dumping 2000 garbage trucks full of plastic every day into the world’s lakes, rivers and oceans. This has had a detrimental effect on marine life, coastal cities and ecosystems. Below are the major countries contributing to global ocean plastic pollution.

With a population of 285 million, Indonesia was responsible for almost 600 tonnes of plastic waste ending up on foreign beaches. Producing about 7.8 million tons of plastic waste per year, more than 60 per cent of this waste is mismanaged. The plastic waste is dumped in the waterways, flowing into the rivers and finally into the sea. Up to 1.29 million tonnes of Indonesian plastic waste end up in the ocean each year.

Brazil is another major contributor to the ocean’s plastic pollution. Discarding 3.4 million tonnes of plastic every year, a third of this reaches the coast, dumping 1.3 million tonnes into the ocean. Microplastics have even been found in Brazil’s most highly protected marine areas.

India faces a severe marine plastic pollution problem. India generates approximately 9.3 million tonnes of plastic waste a year. Of this, 3.4 million tonnes is mismanaged and is left to leak into the environment. It is estimated that 80 per cent of marine litter along India’s coastlines is plastic, often being swallowed by animals who mistake it for food. An estimated 60 per cent of India’s plastic waste ends up in rivers and coastal waters, contributing to the global crisis of marine debris.

The Philippines contributes to around 36 per cent of the world’s ocean plastic waste. With 2.7 million tonnes of plastic being discarded annually, 20 per cent of this will enter our oceans. Rivers are the main arteries that carry waste to the ocean, and seven of the world’s top ten plastic-polluting rivers are in the Philippines. 466 rivers in the country alone emit 356,371 metric tons of plastic waste annually, with a high chance of ending up in the ocean.

1.1.Why does the author mention “2000 garbage trucks”?

A To describe waste collection methods.

B To highlight the severity of the issue.

C To compare different types of pollution.

D To explain garbage truck capacity.

解析：选B。B推理判断题。作者将每年进入海洋的塑料总量比喻为“每天倾倒2000辆卡车的垃圾”，目的是为了让读者更直观地理解污染规模的巨大，从而突出问题的严重性。其他选项（描述收集方法、比较污染类型、解释卡车容量）均非其写作意图。故选B。

2.2.According to the text, what is the main cause of Indonesia’s ocean plastic pollution?

A High population density.

B Lack of recycling technology.

C Mismanagement of waste.

D Industrial production levels.

解析：选C。C细节理解题。段落②明确指出，印尼每年产生大量塑料废物，其中超过60%未被妥善管理（mismanaged），这些被不当处理的废物最终进入海洋。因此，废物管理不善是根本原因。其他选项虽可能与问题相关，但并非文本强调的直接主要原因。故选C。

3.3.Which group is India’s plastic pollution especially harmful to?

A Coastal cities.

B Marine animals.

C Tourist industries.

D Local governments.

解析：选B。B推理判断题。段落④专门提到，印度海岸线的塑料垃圾经常被动物误当成食物吞食。这直接说明塑料污染对海洋动物造成了特别直接和严重的伤害。其他选项虽可能受到影响，但文中未特别强调。故选B。

4.4.What mainly allows the spread of waste into the ocean in the Philippines?

A Coastal tourism activities.

B Lack of government policies.

C Industrial waste discharge.

D The river systems.

解析：选D。D细节理解题。段落⑤明确指出，在菲律宾，河流是将废物输送至海洋的主要通道，并列举了相关数据。因此，河流系统是塑料废物得以扩散并最终入海的主要途径。其他选项在文中未作为主要原因被强调。故选D。