① In 2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).

② Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100  million people in  88  countries. It is  the  safety net  for those who  fall  off the  edge  of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds  us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s  problem.

③ The  WFP  has  been  around  since  1961  and  has  been  the  global  coordinator  of nationally based  efforts  to  avoid  disasters  with  food  aid.  Despite  decades  of effort  to  eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820  million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment  has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.

④ Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money — it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity  can  thrive.  When  aid  is  offered with heavy  conditions  attached,  like  loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.

1.1.What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?

A More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.

B All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.

C It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.

D It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。由题干中的 the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize 定位到第二段最后一句。定位句指出，它的诺贝尔奖提醒我们所有人，把穷人和弱势群体当成别人的问题是一种道德危机。“它”指的是前文提到的世界粮食计划署,D)选项中的morally wrong对应定位句中的 moral hazard。故选D。

2.2.What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?

A It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.

B It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.

C It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.

D It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.

解析：选B。B 推理判断题。由题干中的 the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger 定位到第三段。定位段提到，世界粮食计划署自1961年成立以来，一直是各国通过粮食援助避免灾难的全球协调机构。尽管为消除饥饿付出了几十年的努力,但据最新估计,地球上约有11%的人(约8.2亿人)每天营养不良。尽管在20世纪90年代和21世纪初取得了一些进展,但在减少营养不良方面的进展已经停止。由此推断可知，世界粮食计划署在消除饥饿上取得了一些进展,但距离目标还很远。故选 B。

3.3.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?

A The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.

B More people will be willing to join in the effort.

C More food will be made available to the needy.

D The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.

解析：选A。A 细节理解题。由题干中的 food aid is offered at a price定位到第四段倒数第二句。定位句指出,如果援助附带沉重的条件,如偿还贷款或以粮食换资源,这往往会扩大贫富差距,维持旧的世界秩序。由此可知如果以一定代价提供粮食援助,会扩大贫富差距，即可能会导致富人变得更富,穷人变得更穷。故选A。

4.4.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?

A By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.

B By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.

C By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.

D By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.

解析：选B。B 推理判断题。由题干中的scientists help cope with poverty and hunger定位到第五段第二句。定位句提到,通过与最容易遭受贫困和饥饿的国家的同行分享农业和气候知识,科学家可以帮助减少这些问题。B选项中的expertise是对定位句中knowledge of agriculture and climate的总结,由此可推断,科学家可以通过与贫困国家的同行分享专业知识来帮助解决贫困和饥饿问题。故选 B。

5.5.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?

A Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.

B Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.

C Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.

D World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.

解析：选C。C 推理判断题。由题干中的 at the end of the passage 定位到最后一段最后一句。定位句指出,这种能力将建立在自信的人们利用开放和共享的科学知识使自已摆脱痛苦的基础上。结合前文可知，“这种能力”指的是最贫穷的国家必须具备克服粮食短缺的能力。由此推断可知,作者认为贫穷国家应该提高自己解决粮食短缺的能力。故选C。