① More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.
② One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.
③ Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for the “unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of “unretiree” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet.
④ “The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. “It’s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”
⑤ One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 32% from the prior year, according to the US. Census Bureau. That’s also up 302% since 2010. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the US. workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.
⑥ Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.
⑦ Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.
⑧ “The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Weiss said. “It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”
1.1. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that ________
A over half of the retirees are physically fit for work.
B the old workforce is as active as the younger one. [C]one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement.
C one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement.
D more Americans are willing to work in retirement.
解析：选D。
D细节理解题。根据survey conducted by Harris Poll定位至第二段。该段介绍两项调查结果(……according to a survey... the survey showed):①句指出,三分之一的美国人已经或计划在退休后继续工作；②句指出，其中有超过一半的人表示即便有足够的钱安度晚年，也愿意退休后继续工作。文中引用该调查是为说明首段提出的一种趋势“越来越多的美国人愿意退休后继续工作”，可知[D]正确。故选D。
2.2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that ________
A retirement may cause problems for them.
B boredom can be relieved after retirement.
C the mental health of retirees is overlooked.
D “unretirement” contributes to the economy.
解析：选A。
A推理判断题。根据题干定位至第三段。该段①②句指出美国人不退休的两个原因“财务需求”和“个人满足感/情感需求”。可见，美国人认为不退休可以避免财务或健康问题，换言之即退休可能会引发这些问题，故[A]正确。故选A。
3.3. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to ________
A labor shortage.
B population growth.
C longer life expectancy.
D rising living costs.
解析：选C。
C细节理解题。根据 Retirement patterns定位至第五段首句。该句指出，退休模式逐渐转变的一个原因是美国人的寿命越来越长。可见[C]正确。故选C。
4.4. Many “unretirees” are increasing their savings by ________
A investing more in stocks.
B taking up odd jobs.
C getting well-paid work.
D spending less.
解析：选D。
D细节理解题。根据 increasing their savings定位至第六段②句,该句指出,许多“不退休者”都在增加储蓄，③句进一步指出，这些人最常用的增加储蓄的方法包括减少总体开支(doing this 回指 increasing their savings),可见[D]正确。故选D。
5.5. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are ________
A unprepared.
B unafraid.
C disappointed.
D enthusiastic.
解析：选A。
A观点态度题。根据 Brent Weiss定位至第七、八段。第七段中，韦斯指出，许多人因担心晚年生计而被迫选择不退休，但他们实际应该在退休前咨询财务顾问，设定长期的财务目标。可见在韦斯眼中，对于退休，许多人尚未做好财务准备。第八段中，韦斯继续指出，退休还是一个情感决定，许多人认为自己不能退休，即尚未做好退休的情感准备。[A]概括了许多人面对退休时的状态，正确。故选A。
