中考真题2025年四川省成都市阅读理解B篇-热带树的抗雷智慧
Lightning strikes kill millions of trees each year—but it turns out that some large tropical (热带的) trees can not only stay alive after they’re hit by a strike, but also benefit from its effects, according to a recent study.
Some trees are getting repeatedly hit by lightning over their lifetime. But why can they survive? Researchers don’t know for sure. However, they think that trees will be heated less if they’re more conductive. That means the energy from lightning is just moving to their neighbors, instead of staying in them. The lightning’s strong power kills the parasitic vines (寄生藤蔓) on the trees. It also kills some other trees nearby, reducing competition.
Dipteryx oleifera, a tree in Panama’s forests, has probably experienced 10 lightning strikes so far. It stays safe and sound, while most of the neighboring trees were killed. If you are in the forest where it is, you’ll know what it is—its huge size and height. “We believe the trees in Panama’s forests have five strikes on average. But, you know, some of them obviously have a ton.” Evan Gora, a forest ecologist said.
How long do these trees live in the forests? People can’t do tree ring dating in tropical forests because the trees don’t make continuous growth rings. Researchers guess many of the trees would be hundreds, or maybe even more than 1,000 years old.
What can we learn from the study? The hardest things can turn into good things, can they?
1.1．Why can some large tropical trees survive lightning strikes?
A They’re not often hit by lightning.
B The neighboring trees protect them.
C The lightning energy moves away from them.
D
解析：选C。C. 细节理解题。题目询问部分大型热带树木能在雷击后存活的原因。根据原文第二段 “However, they think that trees will be heated less if they’re more conductive. That means the energy from lightning is just moving to their neighbors, instead of staying in them” 可知，树木存活的核心是雷电能量从自身转移到邻近树木，而非在自身积聚。选项 A “它们不常被雷击” 与原文 “Some trees are getting repeatedly hit by lightning”（有些树木反复遭雷击）矛盾；选项 B “邻近树木保护它们” 无原文依据，原文仅提及能量转移，并非邻近树木主动保护；选项 C “雷电能量从它们身上转移走” 与原文表述完全一致，故答案为 C。
2.2．What may happen after the large trees are hit by lightning?
A They win better living conditions.
B They have more neighbors around.
C They can stand more kinds of danger.
D
解析：选A。A 推理判断题。题目询问大型树木遭雷击后可能发生的情况。原文第二段明确提到 “lightning’s strong power kills the parasitic vines on the trees. It also kills some other trees nearby, reducing competition”，即雷击会清除寄生藤蔓、减少周边树木竞争。由此可推断，这会为树木创造更有利的生存条件。选项 A “它们获得更好的生存条件” 符合该逻辑；选项 B “它们周围有更多邻居” 与 “kills some other trees nearby”（杀死周边部分树木）矛盾；选项 C “它们能承受更多种类的危险” 在原文中无任何相关表述，属于无中生有，故答案为 A。
3.3．What does the tree Dipteryx oleifera look like?
A Old and weak.
B Huge and tall.
C Clean and thin.
D
解析：选B。B 细节理解题。题目询问油檀树（Dipteryx oleifera）的外形。根据原文第三段 “If you are in the forest where it is, you’ll know what it is—its huge size and height” 可知，该树的显著特征是 “体型巨大、高度较高”。选项 A “年老且虚弱” 与原文 “stays safe and sound”（完好无损）矛盾；选项 B “巨大且高大” 与原文 “huge size and height” 完全对应；选项 C “干净且纤细” 无原文依据，故答案为 B。
4.4．Why can’t people tell the exact age of the large trees hit by lightning?
A The weather there is terrible.
B People don’t have proper tools.
C Continuous growth rings can’t be found.
D
解析：选C。C 细节理解题。题目询问无法确定树木准确树龄的原因。原文第四段明确指出 “People can’t do tree ring dating in tropical forests because the trees don’t make continuous growth rings”，即核心原因是热带树木没有连续的年轮。选项 A “那里的天气恶劣”、选项 B “人们没有合适的工具” 均未在原文提及，与实际原因不符；选项 C “找不到连续的年轮” 与原文 “don’t make continuous growth rings” 一致，故答案为 C。
5.5．Which part of the newspaper is this text taken from?
A Health.
B Nature.
C Technology.
D
解析：选B。B 主旨大意题。题目询问文章来自报纸的哪个板块。文章围绕 “热带树木与雷击的关系” 展开，涉及森林生态、树木生存机制等自然领域内容。选项 A“健康（Health）” 板块聚焦人体健康、医疗等，与本文无关；选项 B“自然（Nature）” 板块涵盖动植物、生态环境等主题，与文章内容完全匹配；选项 C“科技（Technology）” 板块侧重技术发明、科技应用，本文是生态研究发现，不属于科技类话题，故答案为 B。