中考真题2024年山东省日照市阅读理解D篇-气候变化与海洋声音传播
Sounds from human activities spread across the ocean, causing much trouble to ocean animals. However, according to a new study, climate change might influence how sound travels through the water.
Human-caused climate change influences the ocean in many ways, such as changing its temperature, salt level, and acidity (酸度). For example, when the water becomes more acidic, it can’t take in certain sounds. So those sounds travel further, adding to the noise in some areas. However, this effect (影响) is not as big as other changes. Changes like temperature and salt level can affect how the ocean’s different layers (层) mix. That, in turn, affects how sound travels.
Researchers used computers to model how those changes influence noise levels across the ocean. They compared the models of the world now to those of the world in about 70 years if climate change continues. In the North Atlantic, they saw an increase in sound levels in the upper 125 meters of the Ocean.
This was caused mostly by ice melting (融化) from Greenland, forming a cold layer of water near the Ocean’s surface. When sound travels through water, it turns toward the coldest layer. This made sound waves get stuck in the cold top layer and spread further out across the water instead of traveling deeper. As a result, the sound became louder at this depth in the North Atlantic.
The rising noise levels in the Atlantic Ocean are worrying as they could disturb animals’ communication, hunting and travelling. Sharks already avoid loud ships, but with noise levels increasing everywhere, what will happen?
1.1. What has a bigger effect on ocean noise?
A Sea level.
B Wind speed.
C Water temperature.
D Ocean acidity.
解析：选C。细节理解题。文章第二段提到“For example, when the water....how sound travels”，根据这句话的意思可知，虽然海洋酸度对声音传播有影响，但这种影响不如其他变化大，其他变化如水温和盐度会影响海洋不同水层的混合方式，进而影响声音的传播。所以选项C“水温”对海洋噪音的影响更大。其他选项都不是影响海洋噪音的主要因素，均可排除。因此，本小题的正确答案是C。
2.2. How did researchers carry out the study?
A By modeling changes in ocean noise levels.
B By finding areas with increasing ocean noise.
C By doing field research in the North Atlantic.
D By comparing today’s ice size to that of the future.
解析：选A。细节理解题。文章第三段提到“Researchers used computers to model..... if climate change continues”，根据这句话的意思可知，研究人员通过模拟海洋噪音水平的变化来进行这项研究。其他选项都不是研究人员进行这项研究的方法，均可排除。因此，本小题的正确答案是A。
3.3. What do we know about the sound traveling through water?
A It can be easily blocked by ice.
B It can get stuck by the seaside.
C It goes towards the colder areas.
D It travels faster in the deep ocean.
解析：选C。推理判断题。文章第四段提到“When sound travels through water, it turns toward the coldest layer”，其意思是“当声音在水中传播时，它会转向最冷的水层”。根据这句话的意思可知，声音在水中传播时会向更冷的地方传播。其他选项都不是关于声音在水中传播的正确说法，均可排除。因此，本小题的正确答案是C。
4.4. What is the main idea of the text?
A Ice melting brings changes to water level.
B Some ocean animals keep away from ships.
C The more the ocean is acidic, the more sounds it takes in.
D Climate change may influence the way sounds travel in the ocean.
解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“Sounds from human activities .... how sound travels through the water”，其意思是“人类活动的声音传播到整个海洋，给海洋动物带来了很大的麻烦。然而，根据一项新的研究，气候变化可能会影响声音在水中的传播方式”。文章主要围绕气候变化对声音在海洋中传播方式的影响进行阐述，后面几段则是对这个观点的具体论述。所以文章的主旨是气候变化可能影响声音在海洋中的传播方式，选项D正确。其他选项都不是文章的主旨，均可排除。因此，本小题的正确答案是D。