土耳其第二大湖“图兹湖”遭遇干旱危机
Lake Tuz, Turkey’s second-largest lake and home to several kinds of birds, has entirely dried up this year. Water has also gone down at several other lakes across Turkey. Experts say the lakes are victims of drought brought on by climate change and harmful agricultural policies. They warn that the entire area around the Mediterranean Sea is especially at risk.
Levent Kurnaz is a scientist at Bogazici University’s Center for Climate Change and Policy Studies. He said, “We have rising temperatures and decreasing rain, and on the other side, the water needs for irrigation（灌溉） in agriculture. It’s a bad situation all over Turkey at the moment.”
For hundreds of years, Lake Tuz has been home to huge groups of flamingos(火烈鸟) that travel and reproduce there when the weather is warm. But this summer, thousands of dead flamingos were found spread out across the dried-up lake-bed.
“There were about 5,000 young flamingos. They all perished because there was no water,” said Fahri Tunc. He is the wildlife photographer who took pictures of the dead birds. He also heads the local office of a Turkish environmental group. Tunc said, “I hope I do not come across such a scene again.”
Turkey’s state-run Anadolu Agency reported that a study conducted by Ege University shows that water levels at Lake Tuz began to drop in 2000. The study noted that the lake dried up this year because of rising temperatures, increased evaporation(蒸发) and a lack of rain. The study also noted a sharp decrease in underground water levels around Lake Tuz.
Environmental groups say poor government agricultural policies play a major part in the lack of water in Turkey’s lakes. Farms in the area have started growing profitable but water-intensive crops. These crops have used up groundwater supplies, Tunc said. He added that farmers have dug thousands of unapproved wells, while streams supplying water to the lake have dried up.
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1.The drought of Lake Tuz probably attributed to_______. a.bad agricultural policies b.rising temperatures and decreasing rain c.the development of the land along the lake d.the water needs for irrigation in agriculture
A a;b;c
B b;c;d
C a;c;d
D a;b;d
解析：选D。D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Experts say the lakes are victims of drought brought on by climate change and harmful agricultural policies. ”和第二段“We have rising temperatures and decreasing rain, and on the other side, the water needs for irrigation in agriculture.”可知，气候变化和有害农业政策导致干旱，其他原因包括气温上升、雨水量减少，同时农业灌溉需大量用水。故选D。
2.The underlined word “ perished” can be replaced by_______.
A suffered death
B flew high
C came back
D remained alive
解析：选A。A 词义猜测题。根据第三段But this summer, thousands of dead flamingos were found spread out across the dried-up lakebed.以及第四段He is the wildlife photographer who took pictures of the dead birds.可知，今年夏天，在干涸的湖床上发现了数千只死去的火烈鸟。野生动物摄影师法赫里·通克拍摄到了死鸟的照片。由此猜测“perished”意为“死亡”，选项A与之同义，故选A。
3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that_______.
A Tunc attempted to expose the truth of the incident
B Tunc felt very sorry for what was happening at that time
C Tunc couldn’t stand the inaction of government departments
D Tunc decided to appeal for help from the environmental group
解析：选B。B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，大约有5000只火烈鸟幼鸟因为没有水而死去，野生动物摄影师兼土耳其环保组织的地方办事处领导人法赫里·通克拍摄到了死鸟的照片，见此情形，可想而知他当时内心是多么的悲伤，故选B。
4.Which of the following is the view of environmental groups?
A The water levels at Lake Tuz changed 21 years ago.
B The local farming has used up the groundwater.
C Climatic factors mainly caused the drop of water levels.
D The government misused the related agricultural policies.
解析：选D。D 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，环保组织说，政府采取的糟糕的农业政策是土耳其湖泊缺水的主要原因，该地区的农场已经开始种植有利可图但非常耗水的作物。 故选D。