高考真题2023年全国甲卷阅读D-美国灰熊
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2. 5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re interestingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2 ,000 or more grizzly bears in the U. S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
1.How do Americans look at grizzlies?
A They cause mixed feelings in people.
B They should be kept in national parks.
C They are of high scientific value.
D They are a symbol of American culture.
解析：选A。A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams.”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A。
2.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
A The European settlers’ behavior.
B The expansion of bears’ range.
C The protection by law since 1975.
D The support of Native Americans.
解析：选C。C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段的“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. ”可知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C。
3.What has stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies?
A The opposition of conservation groups.
B The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C The voice of the biologists.
D The local farmers’ advocates.
解析：选A。A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. ”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A。
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D Technology can be introduced to protect grizzles.
解析：选B。B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. ”可知，虽然灰熊有时会带来一些麻烦，比如杀死农场动物或者在院子里觅食，但是如果人们在院子里不放食物或诱食剂，灰熊一般不会制造任何麻烦。这说明人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B。