中考真题2024年山东省东营市阅读理解D篇-沙漠之舟：骆驼的生存奥秘
We’ve all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads (负载物) across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days.
Have you ever wondered how they do it? For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel’s back.
Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard (备用食物柜) where the camel stores (储存) food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink.
When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat (脂肪) and stored in the camel’s bump.
When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That’s why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.
Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel’s blood cells (组胞).
Camels save water too. They never know when they’ll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies.
After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel’s hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis (绿洲), it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight.
Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life.
1.1. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A The shape of the hump.
B The habit of the camel.
C The function (功能) of the hump.
D The ability of the camel
解析：选C。主旨大意题C。根据“Camels are the only animals with humps. And it's the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water...”可知本段主要介绍了驼峰的功能。故选C。
2.2. Which is TRUE about the hump?
A The hump stores different kinds of food.
B The hump always stays the same size.
C The hump can store more than 130 litres water.
D The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions.
解析：选D。推理判断题D。根据“When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel's hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”可知当生活很好，有充足的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大，可见驼峰的重量取决于饮食条件。故选D。
3.3. What does the underlined word “sponges” mean?
A 海绵
B 弹簧
C 水桶
D 吸管
解析：选A。词义猜测题A。根据“Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”可知是像海绵一样，可以吸水，故此处划线部分意为“海绵”。故选A。
4.4. Why docs the writer use some numbers in this passage?
A To explain the facts more clearly.
B To express the ideas more politely.
C . To make the article more educational.
D To make the language more beautiful.
解析：选A。推理判断题A。根据“a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms"*they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water."“They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”以及“After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight.”可知这些数字更好地描述了骆驼的情况，即为了更准确地解释事实。故选A。
5.5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
A Camels have some amazing abilities.
B Camels are good helpers for desert people.
C Camels have a great quality of never wasting water.
D Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert.
解析：选D。主旨大意题D。本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活，即骆驼在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系统。故选D。