Fu, one of the Chinese characters that best reflect China’s time-honored culture, is a necessity in Spring Festival celebrations. Nowadays, Fu, literally meaning blessing or happiness, usually appears as a cultural symbol to express people’s wishes for the coming new year. Yet, in the past, the character mainly meant luck and fortune.

The tradition of pasting the character Fu on walls and doors has existed among the people for a long time. According to Menglianglu, a book recording the folk customs in the Song Dynasty (960-1127), people at that time had already been practicing the tradition. The character can either be written or printed. It can be pasted both normally and upside down because in Chinese the “reversed Fu” means “Fu comes”.

There is a legend among the people about the origin of the pasting the “reversed Fu”. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), once planned to kill a family and marked them with the Chinese character Fu. In order to avoid killing, Zhu’s wife, Empress Ma, ordered every family in the capital to paste the character Fu in front of their doors.

All the people followed the empress’s order, but one family didn’t know how to read or write. They had pasted the character upside down. On the second day when the soldiers went to the streets, they found the character everywhere, including the upside down one. When the emperor heard this, he was very angry at the reversed Fu, and immediately ordered his guards to kill the family who had pasted the character in the wrong way.

Empress Ma tried to avoid the killing and quickly explained, “That family had known that you would come to visit them today, so they pasted the character upside down intentionally. Doesn’t that mean ‘Fu comes’ today?” The emperor agreed with his wife and released the family. From that time on, people began to paste Fu upside down to express the good wills for fortune and luck and to remember Empress Ma.

1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Para. 1?

A Fu means happiness in the past.

B Fu represents good luck now.

C Fu shows China’s long history of culture.

D Fu is important during every Chinese festival.

解析：选C。C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Fu, one of the Chinese characters that best reflect China’s time-honored culture”可知，“福”能反映中国的悠久文化。故选C。

2.How does the author introduce the tradition of pasting Fu?

A By giving an example.

B By making comparison.

C By giving definition.

D By citing documents.

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to Menglianglu, a book recording the folk customs in the Song Dynasty (960-1127), people at that time had already been practicing the tradition.”可知，作者通过引用《梦梁录》介绍了贴福字这项传统的开始。故选D。

3.Why did the family paste the character Fu upside down?

A They didn't know it was pasted wrong.

B They wished for good luck.

C They wanted to escape death.

D They were asked to do so.

解析：选A。A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“but one family didn’t know how to read or write. They had pasted the character upside down.”可知，这家人不识字，所以把“福”字贴倒了也不知道。故选A。

4.What can we know from the legend?

A The emperor killed the family.

B Every family agreed with the emperor.

C The guards helped the family.

D Empress Ma was kind and smart.

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Empress Ma found the situation very serious and quickly explained”“The emperor agreed with his wife and released the family.”可知，马皇后用自己的聪明机智救了这家人，她聪明又善良。故选D。