All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.

There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 

1.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _________

A the growing demand from clients.

B the increasing pressure of inflation.

C the prospect of working in big firms.

D the attraction of financial rewards.

解析：选D。D细节理解题。根据题目定位到第二段，根据第二句可知好的律师赚的盆满钵盈，吸引越来越多的学生涌入法学院，故选D。

2.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?

A Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.

B Receiving training by professional associations.

C Admissions approval from the bar association.

D Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.

解析：选D。D细节理解题。根据most American states定位到第三段，可知在美国的大多数州，律师只有一条路可走：先在一些不相关的专业获得四年本科学位，然后在美国律师协会授权的200所法学院之一获得三年的法律学位，然后再花大价钱参加律师资格考试，D符合原文，故选D。

3.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from _________

A the rigid bodies governing the profession.

B lawyers’ and clients’ strongresistance.

C the stem exam for would-be lawyers.

D non-professionals’ sharp criticism.

解析：选A。A细节理解题。根据reform定位到第四段，根据第二句可知该州的管理机构过于保守，无法实施这些想法。A“行业死板的管理机构”符合原文，故选A。

4.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it _________

A prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.

B bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.

C aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.

D keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.

解析：选B。B细节理解题。根据guild-like ownership定位到第五段，可知非律师不能拥有律师事务所的股份使得该行业所有权结构受到限制，B符合题意，故选B。

5.In this text, the author mainly discusses _________

A the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.

B a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.

C the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.

D flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.

解析：选B。B主旨大意题。文章一、二段提出问题，三、五段分析原因，四、六段对应原因给出解决措施，结构清晰明了，B符合原文，故选B。