To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail, day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”

“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body ... [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

1.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _________.

A seize every minute to work

B list you immediate tasks

C make specific daily plans

D keep to your focus time

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。根据mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段，根据最后一句可知关键是确定专注的时长并坚持下去，故选D。

2.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that _________.

A students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

B detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

C distractions may actually increase efficiency

D daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

解析：选B。B 目的意图题。根据1980s和Harford定位到第四、五段，根据第五段可知详细的计划会让学生失去动力，有些日常事件会干扰到学生完成计划，而在计划中留出一些即兴空间则可获得最佳效果，B更符合原文，故选B。

3.According to Newport, idleness is _________.

A a desirable mental state for busy people

B a major contributor to physical health

C an effective way to save time and energy

D an essential factor in accomplishing any work

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。根据idleness和Newport定位到第六、七段，可知Newport认为lazy对完成任何工作都是必要的，故选D。

4.Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and infocused _________.

A can bring about greater efficiency

B can result in psychological well-being

C is driven by task urgency

D is aimed at better balance in work

解析：选A。A 细节理解题。根据Pillay定位到倒数第二段，可知Pillay认为大脑在专注和非专注状态之间切换时，往往更有效率，故选A。

5.This text is mainly about _________.

A approaches to getting more done in less time

B ways to relieve the tension of busy life

C the key to eliminating distractions

D the cause of the lack of focus time

解析：选A。A 主旨大意题。根据首段可知，全文是关于提高效率和深度工作的，A“用更少的时间做更多事情的方法”最为符合，故选A。