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Adults over 18 need at least seven hours of solid sleep at night to be healthy. When they fall short of that minimum, the consequences could be severe: Studies have linked poor sleep to an increased risk of obesity, heart disease and dementia. Despite the risks, more than 30% of adults have a daily sleep debt — when you sleep less than your body needs — of over an hour, while nearly 1 in 10 adults are missing two or more hours of sleep each night, a 2022 study found.

Recently, a new study analyzed data from 154 studies on more than 5,000 people across five decades. In those studies, researchers disrupted the sleep of participants for one or more nights, either by keeping them awake (sleep deprivation), waking them periodically (sleep fragmentation) or making them get up earlier than usual (partial sleep loss). Afterward, participants were tested for anxiety, depression, mood and their response to emotional triggers (触发因素).

“We found that all forms of sleep loss — total sleep deprivation, partial sleep loss, and sleep fragmentation — resulted in emotional changes. The strongest and most consistent effect was that sleep loss reduced positive mood,” said co-lead author Cara Palmer. “We also found that sleep loss increased feelings of anxiety,” he said. “When experiencing emotional events, people were also more likely to report reacting differently than people who were well-rested.” “Generally, total sleep deprivation had a larger impact on mood and emotions compared to partial sleep loss or fragmented sleep,” Palmer added. “Interestingly though, the effect of sleep on positive mood occurred even after short periods of sleep loss, like staying up an hour or two later than usual or after losing just a few hours of sleep.”

Sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta, who was not involved in the research, said, “Maybe there is truth behind the saying: ‘ ▲ ’. Studies included in the ‘large and comprehensive’ analysis found that subjects who had poor quantity and quality sleep reported feeling more stressed, angry, sad, and mentally exhausted. When the subjects resumed normal sleep, they reported a dramatic improvement in mood.”

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1.What is the percentage of the adults sleeping less than 5 hours each night?

A 7 percent.

B 10 percent.

C 18 percent.

D 30 percent.

解析：选B。B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Adults over 18 need at least seven hours of solid sleep at night to be healthy.”以及“while nearly 1 in 10 adults are missing two or more hours of sleep each night”可知，十分之一（10%）的人每天晚上缺失两个小时或更多时间的睡眠，即少于5个小时。故选B。

2.What do we know about the new study from Para. 2?

A Young people were not included in the study.

B Participants were roughly in three groups.

C It was a joint effort of several institutes.

D It was the first of its kind.

解析：选B。B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“(sleep deprivation)(sleep fragmentation) (partial sleep loss)”可知，被研究的参与者被分为了三类。故选B。

3.What’s the result of the new study?

A Poor sleep greatly affects mood and mental health.

B Short periods of sleep loss seldom make any difference.

C Fragmented sleep had a larger impact on mood and emotions.

D People who didn’t sleep experienced fewer emotional events.

解析：选A。A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“co-lead author Cara Palmer”以及“We found that...”“We also found that...”可知，本段主要描述了该新研究的结果；结合关键词句“The strongest and most consistent effect was that sleep loss reduced positive mood”“sleep loss increased feelings of anxiety”可知，研究表明，睡眠不足会降低积极情绪，提升焦虑感，即睡眠不好会严重影响情绪和心理健康。故选A。

4.Which of the following can be put into the “ ▲ ”?

A bed is the poor man’s opera

B early to bed and early to rise

C eat and sleep, live a hundred years

D woke up on the wrong side of the bed

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。根据题空后面的内容“Studies included in the “large and comprehensive” analysis found that subjects who had poor quantity and quality sleep reported feeling more stressed, angry, sad, and mentally exhausted. When the subjects resumed normal sleep, they reported a dramatic improvement in mood.”可知，睡眠质量和数量较差的研究对象报告说，他们感到更有压力、愤怒、悲伤和精神疲惫；当受试者恢复正常睡眠时，他们报告说情绪有了显著改善。由此可见，睡眠不好的人起床可能有我们常说的“起床气”。故选D。