穿高跟鞋有什么危害？

High-heeled shoes are thought to characterize femininity and beauty, making the wearer feel elegant. But they also change alignment of the feet, legs, and back, and can have long-term effects on posture and health.
In terms of balance and posture, high-heeled shoes are less stable than flat shoes, and they make the whole body more unstable because they raise the height of the body’s centre of mass. They make it more difficult to maintain a symmetrical posture, and this may affect balance. In order to stand upright and walk in high-heeled shoes, the ankle joint must be extended and this is the joint’s least stable position.
High-heeled shoes will increase stress on muscles and joints. The unnatural position of the foot in high heels means it’s less able to act as a shock absorber and the knees have to bend more to absorb the increased force. This increased stress on the knees, and overloading of the knee joints, increases the risk of joint degeneration and arthritis. Women who love high-heeled shoes are unlikely to stop wearing them, even if they become aware of the problems they may cause.

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1.What is the underlined word “elegant” mean in Chinese?

A 粗俗的.

B 丑陋的.

C 优雅的.

D 不协调的.

解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句High-heeled shoes are thought to characterise femininity and beauty可知，从beauty这个单词可推测出穿高跟鞋是可以给女性加分的，而ABD三个选项都是贬义词，故选C。

2.Flat shoes are more stable than high-heeled shoes in terms of ________.

A ankle and back

B feet and knees

C muscles and joints

D balance and posture

解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In terms f balance and posture, high-heeled shoes are less stable than flat shoes可知，就平衡和姿势而言，高跟鞋没平底鞋那么稳，故选D。

3.Why must the ankle joint be extended?

A In order to have a right stable position.

B In order to maintain a symmetrical posture.

C In order to stand upright and walk in high-heeled shoes.

D In order to raise the height of the body’s centre of mass.

解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句In order to stand upright and walk in high-heeled shoes, the ankle joint must be extended and this is the joint’s least stable position.可知，为了站直身子穿着高跟鞋走路，踝关节必须延长，故选C。

4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A High-heeled shoes make the whole body more unstable.

B High-heeled shoes will decrease stress on muscles and joints.

C High-heeled shoes will change alignment of the feet, legs, and back.

D High-heeled shoes make the knees have to bend more to absorb the increased force.

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句High-heeled shoes will increase stress on muscles and joints. 可知，高跟鞋会给肌肉和关节上增加压力，故选B。

5.What will increase the risk of joint degeneration and arthritis？

A The increased stress on the knees.

B The overloading of the knee joints.

C The unnatural position of the foot.

D The increased stress on the knees and overloading of the knee joints.

解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句This increased stress on the knees, and overloading of the knee joints, increases the risk of joint degeneration and arthritis.可知，膝盖上增加的压力以及过载的膝关节增加了关节退变和关节炎的风险，故选D。