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Losing just two hours of sleep a night makes people angrier, research reveals(表明). The study is among the first to prove a direct link with lack of sleep, experts say.

Previous research shows sleep loss increases negative emotions, such as anxiety and sadness, and decreases positive emotions, including happiness and enthusiasm. But researchers at Iowa State University found losing sleep raised anger directly — not just as a result of feeling more negative. Their findings were published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology.

Participants(参与者) were split into two groups. One kept to their normal sleep routine while the other had theirs cut by two to four hours each night for two nights. The first group had almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the restricted group got about four and a half hours.

Both groups were then asked to rate different products while listening to annoying noise. The researchers said this was meant to create uncomfortable conditions and provoke feelings of anger. Study leader professor Zlatan Krizan said, “In general, anger was substantially higher for those who were sleep-restricted.”

1. What does previous research show?

A Lack of sleep increases negative emotions.

B Enough sleep decreases positive emotions.

C Lack of sleep makes feel people more comfortable.

D Enough sleep makes feel people more negative.

解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Previous research shows sleep loss increases negative emotions, such as anxiety and sadness...可知之前的研究表明睡眠缺失会增加负面情绪，故选A。

2.What does the underlined phrase “split into” mean?

A made into

B divided into

C got into

D put into

解析：选B。B词义猜测题。根据后文可知，这里表示分组，divide into意为“把……分成”，故选B。

3.How long did the people of the second group sleep?

A For two nights.

B For two hours.

C For seven hours.

D For four and a half hours.

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The first group had almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the restricted group got about four and a half hours.”可知第二组的人睡大约四个半小时。故选D。

4.What can we know from the passage?

A Researchers found sleep loss raised anger directly.

B The restricted group got about seven hours of sleep a night.

C The two groups were asked to listen to pleasant music.

D Anger was substantially higher for those who had enough sleep.

解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句But researchers at Iowa State University found losing sleep raised anger directly. 可知来自爱荷华州立大学的研究发现，睡眠不足会直接引发愤怒，故选A。

5.What’s the best title for the passage?

A A Study from Iowa State University.

B To Sleep Enough Is Important.

C Losing Sleep Raised Anger Directly.

D Sleeping Enough Makes People Happier.

解析：选C。主旨大意题。根据全文我们知道来自爱荷华州立大学的研究是为了证明睡眠不足会直接导致愤怒，故选C。