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When US billionaires Bill Gates and Warren Buffett held a meeting in China a few years ago to urge fellow billionaires to donate their fortunes to charity, some of their intended targets didn't bother to turn up. The no-shows sparked a fierce debate on social media: are China's super rich really so stingy? By some measures, they are. Total charity giving in China stands at just 4% of levels in the US or Europe, according to the United Nations Development Programme.
Chinese charities have been hit by scandal, and there is widespread mistrust of the private wealth on which much of the giving depends. But according to a new report from Harvard University and the Swiss bank UBS, the picture is far more complex. Donations from the top 100 philanthropists in China have tripled between 2010 and 2016 to $4.6bn (£3.6bn), according to the study.
Of the 200 wealthiest people in China, 46 have foundations. And two-thirds of the people surveyed by the study's authors had established or were planning to establish foundations.
Wang Bing, who has been called China's "most influential" philanthropist, says Chinese tycoons aren't stingy, they're just cautious. "Everybody in my circle wants to give," he tells BBC News. "There is a lot of money available that hasn't been donated. These people are smart. That's why they're rich. So, they're not going to give their money to just anyone. They want to donate to charities that are effective at what they do."
Asked how many such organizations exist in China, he says "very few". Mr Wang, 47, made his fortune on the stock market in the 1990s. After disappointing experiences donating to some agencies, he decided to start his own charity. In 2004, Mr Wang founded the Ai You Foundation, China's first registered private foundation, which started out helping sick and orphaned children. The country's top billionaires, including Jack Ma of Alibaba and Robin Li of Baidu, sit on the board of directors at Ai You.

1.What does the underlined word “stingy” in the first paragraph mean?

A rich

B anxious

C mean

D generous

解析：选C。词意猜测题。根据文章第一段第二句的The no-shows sparked a fierce debate可以得知他们的不出现引起了争论，据此人们提出的疑问是他们是否太“吝啬”，所以stingy的意思为mean。故选C。

2.What conclusion did the Swiss bank UBS draw?

A The philanthropists in China donate more and more money.

B There is a lot of money available that hasn't been donated.

C Two-thirds of Chinese philanthropists established foundations.

D Total charity giving in China stands at 4% of levels in the US or Europe.

解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句的Donations from the top 100 philanthropists in China have tripled between 2010 and 2016 to $4.6bn (£3.6bn), according to the study.可以得知中国的富豪捐出的钱的数目增长了三倍。故选A。

3.What worries some philanthropists on donating to charities?

A They don’t have organizations.

B The charities are less effective.

C Some of satisfying experiences.

D They are just very dangerous.

解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句的They want to donate to charities that are effective at what they do可以得知他们对一些慈善机构的办事效率担忧，这是他们不想给那些慈善机构捐款的原因。故选B。

4.What did Mr Wang do after he donated to some agencies?

A He made much money on the stock market.

B He stopped helping the orphaned children.

C He decided to set up Ai You Foundation.

D He went to Jack Ma of Alibaba for help.

解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句的 After disappointing experiences donating to some agencies, he decided to start his own charity. 可以得知在他给那些机构捐款后，他决定成立自己的慈善机构。故选C。