When we think of oil, the part of the world that comes to our mind first may be the Middle East. But oil development takes place all over the world. Nigeria, for example, is the largest oil producer in Africa and the eleventh largest producer in the world. Russia is the world's second largest exporter of oil and the top exporter of natural gas. But the country that produces and exports more oil than any other is Saudi Arabia. The Saudis hold one-fourth of the world's oil reserves. 

Last year, Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf(波斯湾) countries produced about twenty-eight percent of the world's oil supply and held about fifty-five percent of known reserves. The other Gulf producers are Bahrain(巴林), Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar(卡塔尔) and the United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国). Iran has ten percent of the world's oil reserves. Iraq is also said to have a large supply of oil, and unknown areas may hold much more. 

In 1960 Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela(委内瑞拉) formed the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(石油输出国组织). Today OPEC has twelve members. The newest is Angola which joined this year. High oil prices have brought new attention to OPEC. Its members produce about forty percent of the world's oil. But two of the world's top three oil exporters, Russia and Norway, are not OPEC members. 

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1.Which part comes to our mind first when we think of oil?

A OPEC.

B Russia.

C Saudi Arabia.

D The Middle East.

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句When we think of oil, the part of the world that comes to our mind first may be the Middle East.可知，故选B。

2.Who is the largest exporter of oil in the world?

A Russia.

B Iran.

C Saudi Arabia.

D The United Arab Emirates.

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句But the country that produces and exports more oil than any other is Saudi Arabia.可知，故选Ｂ。

3.How much oil reserves does Iran hold?

A 10%.

B 28%.

C 48%.

D 55%.

解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句Iran has ten percent of the world's oil reserves.可知，故选A。

4.How many members did OPEC have at first?

A 4

B 5

C 8

D 12

解析：选C。数字计算题。根据第三段第一句In 1960 Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela(委内瑞拉) formed the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(石油输出国组织). 可知，故选C。

5._____ is the world's top three oil exporters EXCEPT Russia and Norway.

A Saudi Arabia.

B Iran.

C America.

D China.

解析：选A。判断推理题。文章最后一句虽然说俄罗斯与挪威是世界前三的石油输出国，但最大的依然是沙特，故选A。