The World Health Organization says the use of surgical childbirth is growing worldwide. Surgical childbirth is when a woman gives birth with the help of a surgical(外科的) operation, also called a Caesarean section. WHO officials say the operation is becoming especially popular in what they call high- and middle-income countries.

Doctors may advise a Caesarean birth, known as a C-section, when normal childbirth would put the health of the mother or the baby at risk. But the United Nations agency says it is concerned about the possible abuse (滥用)of this life-saving surgery.

The World Health Organization is a strong supporter of Caesarean sections when they are justified (证明…正当)medically. The WHO notes that such operations can save lives. But it says mothers and their babies are put at risk of health problems when a Caesarean section is performed without a medical need.

Since 1985, health experts have set what they call the ideal rate for C-sections at between 10 and 15 percent of all births. New studies show when the rates go below 10 percent, more mothers and babies die because they are unable to get this life-saving treatment. These findings are confirmed by estimates from Africa. They show a link between low C-section numbers and high mortality(死亡率) rates during childbirth.

Yet studies show there is no evidence that death rates improve when the rate rises above 10 percent. In fact, Caesarean sections sometimes can have serious effects on the mother and her child.

Marleen Temmerman is the director of the WHO's Department of Reproductive Health and Research. She says that a C-section is generally a safe operation. But, she adds, health risks do exist. Dr. Temmerman is concerned about the increase in the number of unnecessary Caesarean sections being performed in both developed and developing countries. 

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2013, 2,642,892 women gave birth naturally. That same year, 1,284,339 women chose a Caesarean section. The percentage of all U.S. births by C-section was 32.7%.

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1.The trend in childbirth in the world now is__________.

A normal childbirth

B safe operation

C surgical operation

D natural birth

解析：选C。C。细节理解题。由第1段...surgical childbirth is growing worldwide...可知，尤其是在发达和中等发达的国家, 剖腹产很流行，故选C。

2.Under what condition would the doctors suggest a C-section?

A When there is danger for both mother and baby.

B When they are trying to risk both mother and baby’s life.

C When they are concerned about the life-saving surgery.

D Whey there is possible abuse of life-saving surgery.

解析：选A。A。推理判断题。世卫组织强烈支持，在母婴有危险时，采取剖腹产（A选项），以保证母婴的安全。

3.Which of the following statements is correct about the rate for C-section?

A Health experts suggest above 15 percent childbirths be given in this way.

B Less than 10 percent mothers or babies die when given life-saving treatment.

C The higher the C-section numbers, the lower mortality rates during childbirth.

D It is normal when 10 to 15 percent childbirths are performed in this way.

解析：选D。D。细节理解题。由第4段可知，从1985年以来的统计数据看，剖腹产的比例在10%到15%之间比较正常（D选项）。

4.What is Marleen Tmmerman mostly worried about?

A Reproductive health and research.

B The existence of risks.

C Unnecessary use of C-sections.

D The safety of C-sections.

解析：选C。C。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第2段...Temmerman is concerned about the increase in the number of unnecessary Caesarean sections...可知选C。

5.The attitude of the author is_________.

A subjective

B objective

C critical

D suspicious

解析：选B。B。观点态度题。本文作者是客观（B选项）地对世卫组织的研究进行报告的。