Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.

One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.

Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading. “A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.

Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-­watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it's the other way around. “If you're smart young, you'll watch less TV when you're older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.

For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.

1.By watching TV, children learn ________.

A images through words

B more than explicit meanings

C more about images than words

D little about people's psychology

解析：选B。B. 细节理解题。A. 有言语的画面；B. 不仅仅是显性的意义；C. 比言语更多的画面；D. 不了解人们的心理。根据第二段第三句Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.可知孩子们通过看电视，可以学到显性和隐藏的意义，因此不仅仅学到隐藏的意思。故选B。

2.An educational program is best watched by a child __________.

A on his own

B with other kids

C with his parents

D with his teachers

解析：选C。C。推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them“孩子们有父母陪着看电视理解的更多”，故推断教育节目最好是父母陪着孩子看。故选C。

3.Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?

A Radio­-listening.

B Television-­watching.

C Parents' reading list.

D Parents' educational background.

解析：选D。D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads”, Anderson says.可知父母的阅读量对孩子的阅读能力影响最大，故选D。

4.Anderson believed that ________.

A the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is

B the younger a child is, the more he watches TV

C the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV

D the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school

解析：选C。C。细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older”可知如果你小时越聪明，长大看电视看得越来越少。故选C。

5.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A To advise on the educational use of TV.

B To describe TV's harmful effects on children.

C To explain traditional views on TV influences.

D To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.

解析：选D。D.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Anderson suggests that television cannot condemned without considering other influences.“Anderson认为不应该按照常规，不考虑电视的其他影响而去谴责电视”故推断这篇文章的目的是呈现Anderson打破常规的想法，故选D。